By Kara Fitzgerald Elgarhy

The video game industry is booming across the Middle East and North Africa. Playing on a console, PC or smartphone, there were more than 65.3 million gamers in the region in 2021, with revenues reaching $1.76 billion in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt alone, according to a 2022 report by Niko Partners. As the industry continues to ascend the leader boards, more opportunities arise every day for local talent to find their place in the game.

There's just one glitch in the code, observes Ahmad Saqfalhait, associate professor of practice and associate chair of AUC's Department of the Arts. "Most game design professionals in the industry are self-taught," he explains. "Because their training is primarily either technical or visual, they compensate for the design aspect of game development by wearing multiple hats."

To support the development process, AUC introduced a new game design minor in Fall 2022, bringing together students from different disciplines to learn the role of a designer in game development. A collaboration between AUC's graphic design program and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, the minor will equip students to join a flourishing industry that has surpassed three of the biggest entertainment-related industries combined: music, film and sports, according to Saqfalhait.

The perks don't stop there. "In addition to their economic value, game applications have expanded and evolved to cover various purposes, from educational and social to medical and psychological -- all playing on our need to have fun and engage," Saqfalhait said.

Communicating Culture

Much like the industry, the program is fast on the rise. Saqfalhait and students are working to further spread awareness and interest by holding gaming activities on campus, such as hosting group Nintendo Switch sessions. "Not only do students enjoy playing, they also reflect on Nintendo's success in the gaming industry," Saqfalhait explained. "Nintendo is a school of design. It maintains a DNA and philosophy in its offerings. I want to channel this in the minor."

Moreover, Saqfalhait believes that Nintendo's work offers important lessons for AUC students about cultural expression and identity.

"If Nintendo, a Japanese company, borrows ideas from the outside, it reinterprets them and makes them its own, with mutual respect for both cultures," he said. "This concept of thinking locally and regionally is emphasized throughout the semesters of the game design minor so that students are not just making copies of existing games."

For instance, Nintendo's famous Animal Crossing video game introduced many international players to Japanese culture. Originally developed for a limited audience in 2001, the playful village- building game now features an array of international flavors, from bamboo baskets and cherry blossoms to Arabian thobes and Moroccan dresses.

"Nintendo is a school of design. It maintains a DNA and philosophy in its offerings. I want to channel this in the minor."

Sophomore Tarek Kassab, a longtime gamer and fan, was drawn to the minor for this very reason. "I started to notice that such a powerful entertainment tool can be used to push forward political and cultural messages," he reflected. "For example, games made in Japan tend to portray Japanese society -- traditions, food, celebrations and culture. And because video games are highly interactive, these small additions naturally resonate with players. I wanted to learn game design to create games that are entertaining while also spreading my Egyptian and Arab culture."

The locally grounded character of game design at AUC was always intentional, according to Saqfalhait. However, one unexpected outcome has been the resulting buy-in and support from the Egyptian community. Outside of their coursework, game design students have had the opportunity to work directly with community and creative partners on the design and development of games for local impact.

Last semester, students worked with UNICEF and Karim Aboul-Enein of Largelabs game development studio on an arcade game prototype that makes children indirectly associate healthy snacks with fun activities through play. A separate student group has been working since July 2022 in collaboration with Megawra - BEC to create a game for children that will strengthen their sense of neighborhood ownership and connection to their communities by presenting them with their rich culture and history.

These extracurricular projects reflect a guiding principle of AUC's approach to game design: integration within the industry. "It's difficult to gain hands-on experience in game design in Egypt because the industry is not yet thriving here. AUC's practical approach is a substitute source for direct experience in the field," said Kassab.

Still, AUC's game design project is far from final. The pioneering minor program, itself an organic result of feedback and learning from a smaller seed, is poised to blossom into a fully fledged major -- addressing more skills, reaching more students, and building more industry and community connections.

"A few years from now, AUC will graduate students who are equipped and ready to join and reinforce game design in Egypt," Saqfalhait affirmed.

Explore AUC's Game Design minor.

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EWART MEMORIAL HALL
 

In 1925, an anonymous donor offered AUC a gift of $100,000 for the construction of a 1,150-seat auditorium. She requested that the auditorium be named after her grandfather William Dana Ewart, who had in the past visited Egypt for health reasons. Since then, Ewart Memorial Hall has housed musical and theatrical events, including Egypt's renowned singer Om Kolthoum and AUC's own Osiris Singers. Egyptian presidents have attended events at the hall, and in the 1970s, when the Cairo Opera house burned down, it became one of the venues for the Egyptian opera and ballet. 
 

HILL HOUSE
 

AUC Tahrir Square campus, downtown, October 2016.

Hill House was named after William Bancroft Hill and his wife Elise Weyerhaeuser Hill. William Bancroft Hill served on AUC's Board of Trustees for almost 25 years, including 20 years as chairman. Hill House started as a student dormitory when it was first opened and later became AUC's main library in 1959, holding 60,000 volumes at the time. It was remodeled in 1984 to house the University bookstore, classrooms, offices and meeting rooms. The Weyerhaeuser family, who donated $150,000 for the original construction of the building that opened in 1953, also financed Hill House's remodeling, which was completed in 1986. 
 

TAREK JUFFALI ENDOWED FELLOWS PROGRAM

Suad Juffali, AUC advisory trustee and chair of the Ahmed Juffali Foundation, established the Tarek Juffali Endowed Fellows Program in counseling psychology and community psychology and named the Tarek Juffali Professorship in Psychology, both in honor of her late son. She also established the Suad Al-Husseini Juffali Scholarship for students from Palestine and named the Serenity Room at the AUC Library and La Palmiera Lodge female student dormitory, among many of her generous contributions. She received the Global Impact Award in 2017 from AUC for her leadership in philanthropy. 
 

BARTLETT FAMILY LEGACY

The Bartlett family has a long tradition of giving to AUC. Thomas Bartlett, who served as AUC president from 1963 to 1969 and as interim president from 2002 to 2003, has made numerous contributions to the University, most notably, establishing -- with his wife, Mrs. Mary Louise Bartlett -- The Bartlett Room student lounge at AUC New Cairo. 
 

Sharing his father's passion for education and for AUC, Richard Bartlett, chairman of the Board of Trustees, has served as a trustee since 2003. Richard Bartlett has contributed significant time and energy to the University, as well as philanthropic support for numerous programs and scholarships. In 2011, he established the Molly Bartlett Endowed Scholarship in his mother's name to support top-performing Egyptian public school students who wish to attend AUC. He also contributed to the Access to Knowledge for Development Center. In 2018, Richard and his wife, Kerri Bartlett, gave $2 million to establish The Bartlett Fund for Critical Challenges, an endowed fund to encourage research and other projects that address defining challenges shaping Egypt and the region. Through this fund, AUC will play a leading role in developing creative responses to challenges, such as issues of sustainability, poverty, demographics, health, education, urbanization, water resources, governance and regional politics.

Richard and his brother Paul, both AUC trustees and Princeton University graduates, established the Bartlett Family Fund for Innovation and International Collaboration between AUC and their alma mater. The 150-meter-long Bartlett Plaza, a hallmark of AUC New Cairo and the principal outdoor location for AUC's largest events, including commencement and alumni homecoming, is made possible through a generous donation by Mr. and Mrs. Paul Bartlett. In addition, Thomas, Richard and Paul have all provided support for the Center for Arabic Study Abroad Endowment Fund.

JAMEEL: 'LIKE FATHER, LIKE SON'

In 1982, prominent Saudi businessman Abdul Latif Jameel donated $5 million, the largest gift that AUC had ever received at the time, to build the Abdul Latif Jameel Center for Middle East Management Studies and the Abdul Latif Jameel Chair in Entrepreneurship. Located on AUC's Greek Campus, the building accommodated the steady growth of the student body in the late 1980s and early 1990s, as well as the increasing demand for management, engineering sciences and other professional programs.

In 2009, Yousef Jameel '68 inaugurated the Abdul Latif Jameel Hall on the New Cairo campus in the name of his father. The building houses the School of Business and School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, in addition to the Kamal Adham Center for Television and Digital Journalism and The Photographic Gallery. A pioneer in his own right, he also established the Yousef Jameel '68 Science and Technology Research Center in 2003. At that time, there were no research facilities in Egypt capable of developing micro/nano devices. Jameel had the vision to create such a center of excellence at AUC in the field of nanotechnology, bringing together top-notch researchers and scientists from around the world.

Increasing access to quality education, Jameel launched the Yousef Jameel MBA Fellows Program in 2004. The program continued for more than a decade, with more than 150 graduates. He also funded the Yousef Jameel '68 GAPP [Global Affairs and Public Policy] Public Leadership Program, supporting 300 fellows in 12 cohorts of 25 Egyptian graduate students per year. When AUC's PhD program began in 2010, he initiated the Yousef Jameel '68 PhD in Applied Sciences and Engineering Fellowships. AUC's first PhD graduate, Yosra El Maghraby '04, '08, '14, was a recipient of this doctoral fellowship, which graduated more than 40 students.

Supporting Scholarships

ABDALLAH JUM'AH STUDY ABROAD SCHOLARSHIPS

Abdallah S. Jum'ah '65 served as president and CEO of the Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco), the world's largest oil-producing company, from 1995 to 2008. He established the Abdallah Jum'ah Study Abroad Scholarships in 2015 to support undergraduate AUC students seeking a study-abroad experience for one semester in order to expand their horizons and broaden their cultural perspectives. He received a Global Impact Award from AUC in 2016 for his innovative approach to business and strong interest in developing leaders.

"Before joining AUC, I hesitated on whether I wanted to join AUC or study abroad. But during my freshman year, I realized that the opportunities that AUC offers are not to be found elsewhere. ... And the study-abroad [scholarship] opportunity only adds to this rich and versatile experience. AUC is preparing future leaders who understand a world beyond their own. We know what it means to compete on local and international scales."
Seif Hamed '17 
Business Administration 
 

MOHAMMAD ABUGHAZALEH '67 ENDOWED PALESTINIAN SCHOLARSHIP 

Former AUC Trustee Mohammad Abughazaleh '67 has been serving as chairman and CEO of Del Monte Fresh Produce Company in Jordan for more than two decades. In 2006, he established the Mohammad Abughazaleh '67 Endowed Palestinian Scholarship at the University to support five deserving and talented Palestinian students. A total of 17 students have benefited from this scholarship. In 2005, Abughazaleh received the Distinguished Alumni Award from AUC.

"Thank you for believing in me and giving me this opportunity. You have helped me work toward accomplishing my goals and building my future."
Ayah Harhara, business administration

JOHN AND GAIL GERHART ENDOWED PUBLIC SCHOOL SCHOLARSHIP
 

Named in honor of AUC's late ninth President John D. Gerhart, the John and Gail Gerhart Endowed Public School Scholarship was established in 2002 to support talented students from Egypt's public schools. A recipient of an honorary doctorate from AUC in 2002 and the only president to hold the title of president emeritus, John Gerhart was a firm believer that an essential aim of a liberal arts education is to instill values of service and civic responsibility among students. More than 230 AUC friends have provided generous support to establish this scholarship in his name, including his wife, Gail Gerhart, who has made significant contributions to AUC.

"Thank you so much for giving me this opportunity. My time at AUC has completely changed who I am. I hope to take what I have learned and work to improve both my immediate community and entire country." 
Mohamed Ibrahim 
Electronics and Communications Engineering

ABDULHADI H. TAHER ENDOWED SCHOLARSHIP

The Abdulhadi H. Taher Endowed Scholarship supports Egyptian and Saudi Arabian students with outstanding academic performance. Currently, eight students are studying at AUC as recipients of this scholarship. Following in their father's footsteps, Nashwa and Tarek Taher have created transformative experiences for AUC students, including the Nashwa A. H. Taher Arab Women Scholarship in 2004.

"Thank you for giving me the opportunity to study at the most prominent institution in my country" 
Nouran Barakat 
Undeclared Freshman

MOHAMMED BIN ABDULKARIM A. ALLEHEDAN SCHOLARSHIP AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FUND 

Established in 2015 by the late Sheikh Mohammed Bin Abdulkarim A. Allehedan, the fund aims to support talented Arab students and encourage specialized scientific research in uncommon disciplines in the Arab world. As the late Allehedan put it, "I come from a modest family, and I didn't get the chance to be educated. After researching, I found that the best place for me to put this endowment would be at a university in Egypt, and I found that The American University in Cairo is the best University in Egypt. ... I am one of the believers that Arabs would not exist without Egypt, and Egypt would not exist without Arabs. And if Arabs are not well-educated, they will not be strong."

"As both a student and a member of the research community at AUC, I would like to thank [Sheikh Allehedan] for his support of innovative research. That support will allow us to have strong academic careers and give us opportunities to develop our skills." 
Ahmed El Sayed '15 '17 
Pursuing a PhD in Applied Sciences at AUC

AL GHURAIR STEM SCHOLARS

Supported by Abdulla Al Ghurair Foundation for Education, one of the largest privately funded philanthropic education initiatives in the world, the Al Ghurair STEM Scholars program creates opportunities for underserved, high-achieving Arab students to pursue an undergraduate or graduate degree at leading universities in the region, including AUC. Launched in 2016, the program has supported more than 150 students at the University, helping them pursue their dreams of a high- quality STEM education. With a Master of Science in nanotechnology, Menna Hasan (MSc '18) is the first AUC alum of Al Ghurair STEM Scholars Program.

"This scholarship has been a dream, getting a chance to travel outside of Yemen to receive a proper education. Getting a scholarship, what can I say, it's like a passport in my life. I can never thank the foundation enough. Never."
Mohammed Al-Sabri 
Mechanical Engineering

By the Numbers

Since the 1970s, more than $100,000,000 has been raised to support scholarships and fellowships.
 

Approximately $630,000,000 financial support given to students since 1975.
 

More than 3,000 students per semester have received any form of financial assistance in the past five years.
 

Approximately 6,000 donors since the 1970s.
 

Yousef Jameel '68 is AUC's single biggest supporter of education, funding research as well as master's and PhD fellowships. 
 

AUC'S TOP DONORS IN THE PAST 100 YEARS
 

$5 MILLION+
 

Abdulla Al Ghurair Foundation for Education

Sheikh Faisal Kamal Adham
 

Dr. Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor Hon LHD

Sheikh Mohammed Bin Abdulkarim A. Allehedan*

Dr. Sarwat Sabet Bassily*

H.R.H. Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Hon LHD

Mr. Mohamed Shafik Gabr '73 
 

Sheikh Abdul Latif Jameel Hon LHD*

Mr. Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel '68, Hon LHD 
 

$1 MILLION+

Abraaj Group

Mr. J. Dinsmore Adams, Jr.

Sheikh Kamal Adham*

Mr. and Mrs. Moataz Al Alfi

Dr. Hamza Bahey El Din Alkholi

H.H. Sheikh Dr. Sultan Bin Mohammed Al-Qasimi Hon LHD

Sir Nadhmi Shakir Auchi

Mr. Theodore S. Bacon, Jr.*

Mr. and Mrs. Paul H. Bartlett

Mr. Richard and Mrs. Kerri Bartlett
 

BP USA

Dr. Barbara Brown and Dr. Steven C. Ward
 

Mr. and Mrs. Richard M. Cashin
 

Commercial International Bank (Egypt)
 

Paul I. and Charlotte P. Corddry

Mr. Miner D. Crary, Jr. and Mrs. Mary Crary*

Mrs. Mary Cross*

Mr. Hassan '73 and Mrs. Jill Dana

Mrs. Elizabeth S. Driscoll

Mr. Hesham Helal El Sewedy '88

ExxonMobil Corporation

Mr. Paul B. Hannon Hon LHD

Dr. and Mrs. Elias K. Hebeka

Dr. and Mrs. Ahmed M. Hassanein Heikal

HSBC Bank Egypt S.A.E.

Mrs. Hadia Abdul Latif Jameel

Mrs. Suad Al-Husseini Juffali Hon LHD

Louise Moore Pine Trust

Mr. and Mrs. Bruce L. Ludwig

H.E. Mr. Mohamed Loutfy Mansour

Mr. Hatem Niazi Mostafa* and Mrs. Janet Mostafa

Mr. Youssef Ayyad Nabih*
 

Sheikh Abdul Rahman Hayel Saeed '68

Saudi Arabian oil Company (Saudi Aramco)

Schlumberger Stichting Fund

Sheikh Mohammed Wajih Hassan Abbas Sharbatly '89

Dr. William K. Simpson Hon LHD*
 

Dr. Abdulhadi Hassan Taher*
 

The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation 
 

The Ford Foundation

The Selz Foundation 
 

The Tokyo Foundation

*Deceased

Hon LHD Honorary Degree

 

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By Yasmin El-Beih

Today, more than 180,000 users in Egypt have replaced their short-distance car, cab or ride-hailing trip with an electric scooter or electric bike at least once, thanks to Rabbit Mobility, a clean-tech startup with the ambition to revolutionize how we take short-distance trips while bettering the planet in the process.

Co-founders Kamal ElSoueni '13 and Mohamed Mansoury '14 came up with the idea in 2019 after working for a couple of years in global management consulting firms based in Dubai and London, respectively. Returning to Egypt for vacation, they both noticed an increasing reliance on cars, even for short-distance trips.

Mansoury and ElSoueni hope to expand Rabbit's operations outside of Egypt

"When you're traveling a lot and you come back home, you really feel the difference," ElSoueni described. "We started to notice a grayish black cloud forming over the city, which we had never noticed when we lived in Egypt, and we were always complaining about traffic. In 2018, while visiting the United States, I came across a massive electric scooter company, and that's when we started thinking about applying similar solutions in Egypt."

ElSoueni and Mansoury held focus groups through their own networks to tackle transportation-related inquiries that might aid their blossoming business idea. They found that regular cycling wasn't highly popular given the hot weather for much of the calendar year in Egypt, making it an uncomfortable option for commuters. "I myself used to cycle to AUC for a semester or two as a student, but I always had to shower once arriving to campus before heading to class, so I was able to relate to the feedback we got from the focus groups," said ElSoueni. "We thought that if we removed the element of effort, it would make life easier. We also learned through some of the ride-hailing apps operating in Egypt that around 50% of the trips are for a distance less than 3 kilometers, while 70% are for a trip that is less than 8 kilometers."

The data posed a tremendous opportunity for a business idea -- and for the environment. By mid-2019, ElSoueni and Mansoury had both quit their management consulting jobs to make Rabbit a reality.

"By replacing car rides with electric scooters or electric bikes, you're relying on electricity instead of fossil fuels," Mansoury said. "From this simple shift, you save a lot of carbon dioxide emissions. We estimate that we've saved more than 50,000 kilograms of carbon dioxide emissions just this year."

Although their fast-growing userbase is mostly comprised of riders under 40 years of age, a reflection of the growing youth population in Egypt, up to 10% of their customers are over 45.

User segments also differ in every governorate or city where Rabbit operates. In Tanta, they found that nurses at the public hospital were taking a couple of rides every day between 1 and 2 pm. Through making a few feedback calls, the Rabbit team realized that the nurses were not only using Rabbit bikes and scooters for their daily commutes, they were also going back home for lunch using the eco-friendly vehicles, as they found them safer, faster and more cost-effective than taking a taxi.

Besides a relentless vision to become the go-to solution for any trip under eight kilometers, be it commutes, first-mile/last-mile or delivery services, Rabbit has other audacious goals on the horizon.

"For us to achieve this vision, it's going to require a lot of expansion into many locations, as well as development to our tech," said Mansoury. "Right now, we only have electric scooters and electric bikes, but our short-term plan is to also introduce electric mopeds. We've already brought in our first prototypes and are working on this."

The co-founders have shortlisted potential countries for expansion, with urban issues and infrastructure similar to Egypt. Rwanda, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and South Africa are new markets Rabbit has set its eyes on. In many of these locations, Rabbit has already begun securing international partners to support their process.

Mansoury and ElSoueni credit the milestones they have achieved to their supporters and mentors, a tight-knit community of fellow startup founders. From Ayman Ismail '85, '87, associate professor in the Department of Management and AUC Venture Lab founding director, to former AUC President Lisa Anderson, there are many who have assisted in their journey, along with the networks, resources, global experts, advisers, research papers and reports at their disposal -- much of which came through their access as former management consultants.

They also have a third co-founder, Bassem Magued, whom they call a "borderline genius." Magued helped in restructuring Rabbit as it took off and in nailing the app's geographic accuracy.

"We see a lot happening, with the potential for much more, not only in clean transportation but also clean tech across the Middle East and North Africa," asserted ElSoueni.

 

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By Abigail Flynn

Transforming abandoned tires and old washing machine drums into living room furniture, Ibrahim Abougendy '14 turns trash into treasure with the startup he co-founded, Mobikya. Abougendy upcycles waste materials into colorful and comfortable handmade furniture, such as chairs, mirrors and couches.

Abougendy also co-founded two other startups that utilize eco-friendly and biodegradable designs. His water bottle line, Qarura, uses a special clay mix "pottery" that boosts the alkaline content in water and requires less energy in production, while his pottery-based coffee brewing tools from his company Gahawena require less energy than traditional copper.

Outside of the home, Abougendy's work supports local animals. He helped design shelters out of tires, or "Sheltires," which optimize the heat-trapping capacity of rubber tires to offer a warm retreat for stray cats.

"Waste is actually raw material," Abougendy said. "What keeps me persistent against all odds is my passion to be an accelerator for a paradigm shift to happen."

 

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By Devon Murray

H2O Woes

While water covers around 71% of the Earth's surface, the lion's share of this precious resource lies in the oceans (97%) and is too salty to be used for agriculture, drinking water and industry. Moreover, pollution, waste and the unequal distribution of resources have put a strain on the planet's freshwater supply, with areas on each continent experiencing water scarcity, according to UN-Water.

Egypt is particularly hard hit when it comes to water scarcity due to rising temperatures, a drier climate and a growing population driving up water demand.

"In Egypt, the annual water share per person is 540-560 cubic meters. The water poverty line, however, rests at 1,000 cubic meters per person per year, meaning that Egypt is missing almost 50% of its needed water supply," said Egypt's Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation Hani Sewilam, AUC professor and founding director of the University's Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability (CARES).

And the problem extends beyond H2O.

"This is a multifaceted issue," Sewilam said. "You cannot work on water scarcity without considering food and energy."

Sewilam: "The sky is the limit. This could be the next food production revolution." Photo by Ahmad El-Nemr

Like most countries in the Middle East, Egypt consumes 80% of its water for food production and agriculture. Adding another layer, agriculture requires energy -- whether it be for irrigation, processing, storage or transportation. Considering the intricate and dynamic relationship between water, energy and food is known as the water-energy-food nexus. It is within this nexus that Sewilam, CARES and student researchers operate, working to find a solution that considers all three sectors.

(Aqueous) Solutions: The Three S's

Desalination -- the removal of salts and minerals from a substance -- has been around for ages in theory and practice. However, it is not seen as a "green option," according to Sewilam, because it uses a lot of energy and creates brine, a highly concentrated salt solution that occasionally contains chemical residue.

"With the existing technology, brine is disposed of in the sea or thrown in the desert," he said.

Harnessing the three S's of Egypt's abundant resources -- sun, sand and salty water [seawater and brackish water] -- Sewilam's Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus Model uses solar panels to power reverse-osmosis desalination. This technique sends water through a synthetic lining to purge the water of unwanted molecules and impurities, like salt and dirt.

"After desalination, we work to get more out of each drop of water," Sewilam said. "The freshwater will be used to produce fish. The waste from the fish can be used as fertilizer for crops, while the excess cleaned water from the crops can be given back to the fish."

As for the brine, it can be used to produce small crustaceans for feeding the fish and algae, which have become a major component in producing biodiesel, he explained.

At COP27, Sewilam will receive the 2022 Water-Energy-Food Ecosystem Nexus Award from the European Union's Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area, known as PRIMA, for his WEF Nexus Model.

More Crops Per Drop

At AUC, the model is already in use on a limited scale at CARES, with preparations to upscale for commercial use in motion. On the state level, it is slated to be used in some of Egypt's major green development projects, such as the 1.5 Million Feddan Project, New Delta Project and buildout of the Sinai Peninsula.

For now, Sewilam and his team have turned their attention to fine-tuning the model by increasing crop yield to make the model even more economically viable and working toward zero waste to make the model more sustainable.

CARES, which is part of AUC's Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, is sharing its knowledge with the community. Last fall, the center launched its Water-Energy-Food Technologies Diploma, which combines expertise in engineering, hydrology, irrigation and solar technology to prepare students for facing Egypt's climate challenges. CARES also partners with the International Desalination & Water Treatment Group, transferring research findings and know-how directly to the market in Egypt and the region.

Sewilam believes that implementing the WEF Nexus Model will not only be a major first step toward solving the water (and food) crisis in Egypt and the region, but will also create a ripple effect globally, causing a major shift in world food security.

"The sky is the limit," he said. "This could be the next food production revolution."

 

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Tracing the past between dust- covered buildings from the Fatimid dynasty, inspecting 50 million-year-old whale bones in the middle of the desert, putting smiles on the faces of underserved children in one of Cairo's poorest neighborhoods -- these are just a few of the activities that nearly 100 international students took part in during AUC's faculty-led programs last winter.

Oberlin students at Abdeen Palace. Photo by Omar Mohsen

The short-term, customized programs are designed to introduce students to AUC and Egyptian culture under the guidance of a faculty leader. With more than 20 years at the University, faculty- led programs have relied on Egypt's rich history to help students sharpen their understanding of a variety of topics.

This year, AUC hosted students from Oberlin, George Washington, Utica and Westmont. Each course covered a different topic, from history and political science to healthcare ecosystems and intensive Arabic.

Cultural Connections

Alongside AUC students, a group from Oberlin took the Museums, Historical Memory and Politics in Egypt course, during which they made daily visits to Cairo's numerous museums and discovered other historical hotspots around the city.

For Nikki Keating, an Oberlin student majoring in Africana studies, the post-museum excursions were just as valuable as the museum visits.

"After the museum, we'd go get food somewhere in the middle of Cairo," she said. "On top of learning so much about Cairo's history, I learned so much about the culture and people. Working with AUC students gave me more of a perspective about how Cairo and Egypt as a whole really are."

Zeinab Abul-Magd, professor of Middle Eastern history at Oberlin, described the constant cultural exchange that took place between AUC and Oberlin students throughout the course. "This program is unique because, for the first time, it brought Oberlin and AUC students together to take the same course, go on the same field visits, do the same activities and sit together in the same classroom," she said.

Watch: AUC, Oberlin students explore Cairo Museums

Inside Institutions

Diving headfirst into Egypt's state institutions, a class from The George Washington University led by AUC Trustee Nathan Brown (CASA '84) convened with Amr Adly, assistant professor in AUC's Department of Political Science, and AUC students for a course examining the country's legal and religious establishments and how they interact with Egyptian society.

The monthlong course included lectures on Egyptian law, economy and history as well as visits to key official institutions in Cairo, including the Egyptian Parliament, Al-Azhar, Coptic Patriarchate, Supreme Constitutional Court and Economic Courts."Through these visits, the students got to interact firsthand with senior officials, politicians and judges," Adly explained. "Additionally, class discussions between GW and AUC students about historical and current matters in Egypt added some invaluable insights to both groups, allowing them to compare views and bring new ideas into circulation."

A History of Healing

Utica students traveled back in time with a course covering the vast history of medicine and healthcare in Egypt, from Pharaonic herbalism to recent mental health awareness campaigns.

"Incorporating Egypt's historical sites into the course brings home how culture and tradition play a very important role in Middle East healthcare," said Hassan El-Fawal, professor of biomedical sciences and founding director of AUC's Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology.

The group also engaged with the local community, spending a day with underserved children at Resala Charity Organization. "My favorite part was going to Resala," said Utica student Madealyn Frankovic. "Not only did I see what kind of therapeutic interventions I could be doing as a future occupational therapist, but I was also able to laugh and smile with the children. That can be just as healing."

Watch: AUC, Utica students explore history of medicine throughout Egypt 

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By Devon Murray

Step back in time to 1973, when, in the midst of the Arab-Israeli conflict, Egypt and Syria launched an attack on Israel on October 6, catching the world off guard. Known as the October War, this conflict and its results signaled a major shift across the region's political landscape and United States foreign policy in the Middle East.

Today, on the war's 50th anniversary, we look back not on the battlefield, but on Cairo -- and AUC -- to understand what life was like for AUCians in wartime. Drawing from a series of oral histories and clippings from The Caravan found in the University Archives, we explore the varied experiences of students, faculty and staff in October 1973.

Whispers of War

What are the signs a country is headed toward war? Tim Sullivan, provost emeritus and former professor of political science, who landed in Cairo just before October 1973, sets the scene.

We arrived on September 16, 1973, which is obviously 20 days before the war. So we didn't have much time to get adjusted to Egypt before that. Most places had windows painted blue. That would mean you could have the light on at night, and it couldn't be seen by a plane that might drop a bomb on you. There were sandbags everywhere. ... The Sheikh Rihan entrance to AUC had a barricade in front of it..

Of course, we didn't plan to arrive in a war zone. You know, obviously, the Arab-Israeli conflict had been going on since the establishment of Israel. And one knew you were going into a place where conflict was, in a sense, endemic. But there was no inkling that war was imminent. It looked like something of a stalemate, actually.

For Jayme Spencer, librarian emerita who served as the director of public services at the AUC Library for more than 43 years, October 6, 1973 began as any other day.

It's a Sunday. And we are invited out. In those days, we did not work on Sunday.

She recalls going to a barbecue at the home of a colleague who lived by the Pyramids.

And at some point toward the evening, we got ... a knock on the door. The sun had already pretty much gone down. And some army people came in, and all started talking. ... Apparently, as it was translated to us, you know, "How can you be doing this? A day that you, your country is at war! And you have foreigners with you!" ... And they said, "Pack everything up and get out of here immediately. Go to your home."

I think they painted the headlights of the cars blue so that they wouldn't show ... because all of a sudden we were of course in curfew and darkness.

According to Spencer, the University remained open the following day, though not everyone showed up.

People were waiting for the University to make an official announcement. And we didn't know how long [this was] going to happen. Were we going to, you know, be defeated immediately, and that would be the end of it? But as it turned out of course, it lasted much longer.

Classes Canceled

Thoron at AUC Tahrir Square

Walid Kazziha, political science professor who has been with AUC since 1972, describes the community's initial reaction to the war.

In 1973, when the war broke out, students were up in arms, faculty were very much fired up with what was happening. And then we get this statement from the Vice President... [Ahmed Abdel Ghaffar] Saleh or something, who says, "Classes will be held as usual."

The faculty called for a meeting, and we met. [President] Thoron came personally to that meeting.

Thoron laid it out and said, "We're fully in support of Egyptian efforts to regain its land in Sinai, and the University cannot be opened as usual, you know. Now we will have to think of a way to support Egypt in its war effort. And the students are proposing [to] do some medical service ... and support here.

Of course we didn't have classes. We were listening to what was on the radio, and no one at that point could go and give a lecture. Let's face it. And then after the war, we came back and that was it.

Helping Hands

Spencer recalls students immediately organizing to support the war.

[The students] quickly mobilized themselves, the ones who could, to support the war. I know I went in two or three days and rolled bandages.

Farkhonda Hassan (MSc '67), professor emerita in the School of Sciences and Engineering, took her students to Kasr El Aini Hospital to help with cleaning and gathering supplies.

We took four big wards in Kasr El Aini. ... The students were running around bringing sheets from the factories -- clean ones, clean sheets, pillowcases.

While at the hospital, Hassan ran into a number of celebrities, including Tahiya Carioca, an Egyptian belly dancer and film actress, whom she asked to bring a food processor to prepare meals for patients who were having difficulty eating.

I used to put the rice and the vegetables and the meat and have [the patients] drink it. ... This made them more healthy. And [the hospital] used to have visitors coming to us and reporters from all over the world to see. This [is] where AUC is. And [these were] the students, girls and boys. And teachers. So I was very happy. We stayed there for about two months.

Rescue team practices as part of custodians' civil defense training1970s shot of Hill House, which at the time was AUC's main library

War Stories

Sullivan describes how Cairenes got their news about the battlefront during the war.

[At AUC], we had meetings during the war, no classes, and [I would] come in on the train. And people are excited, they're talking. I didn't know what the heck they're saying, but they've all got newspapers and they're pointing to stories and there are pictures. I can't read Arabic at the time, but they've got pictures of stuff that's going on in the war.

During the war, something happened [that] I was immediately made aware was unusual. ... Egyptians were getting news from Egyptian news sources. Now, let me explain what I mean by that. Up to that time, if, you know, the Egyptian, I will have to call it upper middle class or even elite -- they would have access to what was going on in the world and in Egypt by listening to the BBC [British Broadcasting Corporation] or the VOA [Voice of America] or Radio Monte Carlo. Radio Monte Carlo was a big hit, and the reason was simple: It was news that was actually news. It wasn't censored. It wasn't interpreted through some political screen. So if they want to know how their troops were doing, how the war was going, they would listen to Monte Carlo, they would listen to the BBC. They would also listen to or watch television news, what little there was. And if they found the BBC and Egyptian news were saying the same thing, they were thrilled. Because it [means] the government is telling us the truth.

Life Goes On

Despite the war, many living in Cairo in October 1973 were able to enjoy hobbies and make connections with others. Spencer reflects on social life during this time.

We didn't have a curfew during the day, so if I didn't go roll bandages or do whatever else it was I was doing with the students and other faculty members, I had a group of people that I went out horseback riding [with].

And then as it started to get toward dark, we'd always make [our way] back home. However, within every quarter, I would say, Zamalek, Garden City, Maadi, people violated the curfew as they wished. Some of my closest friends happened to live just a block and a half away from me on Tolombat [Street]. We spent many a night till about 9:00 or 10:00, playing cards and just sitting around talking.

While out and about, Spencer and a friend discovered a group of stranded American tourists who were meeting at the Hilton in Zamalek every night. Most of them had been vacationing in Cairo when the war broke out and were now waiting to be evacuated safely from Egypt.

Because of course the embassy was trying to get them out. And I think they ended up going out through ... a boat from Libya. And they had to pay for it.

Spencer and her friend were invited for breakfast with a Catholic family one morning.

They noticed that we were taking the sugar out of the container at the table and they said "Why is that?" And I said, "Well, sugar is being rationed right now, and we don't have any." And so they started saving their sugar. I think it was about three, four days before they actually got away. So we had a huge stash of sugar from them, from the Hilton.

And for about the next two years, this family used to send like a little care package back to

Cairo. It would take months, several months to get here, and be full of sugar and just, candy, and well wishes, and maybe a book or two. I lost track of 'em many, many years ago, but it was just one of those kinds of things -- you bond with people in a certain way, you know, in a catastrophe, where you're swept up by the circumstances. But what was important for me was the fact that they were so positive about Egypt. And they had enjoyed their time here. They really didn't have an agenda ... They were curious to see how it was going to turn out.

For Sullivan, adjusting to life in Cairo during this tense period was a great way to get to know Egyptians.

It was actually a good introduction to the country and the people. A better introduction than AUC could have possibly organized because ... you could see people under stress. My father always said there are a couple of ways to really understand what people are like. ... So one test is what happens when you get in the wilderness? It's a Hobbesian test. What do you do when there is no law, when there is no order, when there is no government? How do people behave? And another one is when you're under great stress. Well, the whole country was under great stress. And they behaved well.

AUCians play football on campus, early 1970s 

By Elizabeth Lepro

For a few months in 2018, I lived in an apartment in downtown Cairo near the French Institute, in a room I had chosen primarily because it featured two French doors that opened up to a balcony. From up there, I could watch Cairo go by. Young men balanced bread trays on their heads as they pedaled past on bikes, men stretched their legs as they smoked in foldout chairs, women walked arm in arm, and the pigeon keeper on an adjacent roof tended to his flock.

When I was home, the doors were open. That meant, even while lying in bed, I could also hear Cairo go by -- the scrap merchant repeating robabekya to market his wares; the muezzin's adhan, or call to prayer; the steady hum of chatter and laughter and the occasional hi-hat of an argument; the trills and coos of murmuring pigeons and the honking. Always the honking.

For many Cairenes, these noises are so commonplace as to be unnoticeable. But for those of us who have left the city or moved to its outskirts, hearing its soundscape can bring on a visceral wave of nostalgia. Which is to say: If you don't notice the sounds of the place you currently call home, you may come to appreciate them -- even miss them -- with some distance.

That recognition is what graphic design alum Nehal Ezz '21 and her best friend and project partner Youssef Sherif have delivered with Sounds of Cairo, a collection of the city's most recognizable sounds, which includes bites of all the aforementioned noises and more. The pair's goal is for the recordings to one day make up an online database of sounds, some of which may otherwise be lost to time and development.

"I realized, 'OK, what about the sounds in Cairo?' because they're sort of musical sometimes."

Ezz, who is originally from Cairo but now lives in Saudi Arabia with her family, got the idea for the project while making a video for a World Music class at AUC.

"I realized, 'OK, what about the sounds in Cairo?' because they're sort of musical sometimes," she said. For the project, Ezz recorded some audio herself, but when she went looking for cleaner, high-quality sound bites on the most popular online sound libraries, "I couldn't find anything for Egypt. Even on YouTube, I couldn't find sounds available for me to use. So with the guidance of my thesis adviser, [Associate Professor] Haytham Nawar, I decided to create a database where the sounds can be preserved and archived."

Right now, the project exists on a website, a YouTube channel and an Instagram account. A more formal, searchable archive is still in the works. To capture a representative sample of sounds, Ezz and Sherif broke the audio into categories: economic, social, religious, wildlife and transportation. Robabekya would fit into the economic category, while chatter and laughter would be slotted into social.

Ezz and Sherif distributed a survey to collect input on which sounds should be recorded, but Ezz also went looking for more particular audio to capture -- sounds she associated with the Cairo of her childhood, like the whistle of a cotton candy vendor, the milk seller banging on bottles and the sound of the makwagi, a person who irons clothes using their feet. These were more difficult to track down.

It doesn't mean those sounds no longer exist, but they may be more rare, especially for those who can afford to move out of more populated areas and into houses or apartments on the city's developing outskirts. A pre-coronavirus pandemic report showed that Egypt was the world's fastest-growing real estate market, thanks largely to a dramatic upsurge in housing development in Cairo's satellite cities.

"The newer places, they're very, very quiet -- the compounds and the closed areas," Ezz said. That was doubly true during Egypt's pandemic lockdown, when the recording process unveiled the stark difference between how neighborhoods beyond downtown Cairo were able to pull back from public life compared to places where commerce and culture happen in the streets.

"When I compared the sounds that I got before and those I got after, I felt like it only affected certain areas of Cairo," Ezz said. "Downtown people went on with their lives as soon as they could be outside again."

Sounds of Culture

Canadian composer R. Murray Schafer is credited with coining the word "soundscape" in the 1970s. The term "acoustic ecology" was born when Schafer, like Ezz, noticed that as society changed, so too did our acoustics.

"The sounds of the environment were changing rapidly, and it seemed that no one was documenting the changes," Schafer wrote in his memoir. Schafer would go on to create the World Soundscape Project -- an admirable initiative that, despite its encompassing name, was focused largely on Canada and Europe.

The concept caught on, and soundscape projects facilitated by more accessible technology have since blossomed worldwide. AUC faculty lecturer, guitarist and composer Pawel Kuzma, who was Ezz's professor for the World Music class that inspired her project, pointed out that soundscapes are popular among electronic music artists around the world.

"Soundscapes have various uses -- as textures in music genres like noise, avant-garde, ambient, really anything that includes recordings, but also music therapy, city planning, environmental studies, meditation and -- as with Nehal's project -- preserving cultural elements," Kuzma said.

Still, finding formalized soundscape projects like these is a bit more difficult in Egypt. That doesn't mean soundscape projects don't exist in Cairo, but like sounds from your childhood you want to preserve, you may have to go looking for them.

A City in Tune

When you begin researching soundscapes, you find that the city is an instrument. People handle it differently; they use it to make their own music and come to their own conclusions.

The act of recording forced Ezz to pay more attention to individual sounds within the cacophony as she was walking around downtown Cairo. Under the overwhelming noise of traffic, she heard the street vendors selling specific items. "I started appreciating the sound a little bit more, how it contributes to the whole soundscape," she said.

Sometimes Ezz recorded surreptitiously, while other times she explained the project to her subject. Outside of an academic setting, not everyone understood the mission. "They were like, 'It's just going to sound like Cairo,'" Ezz said. She explained that it's possible Cairo might not sound the same in the future. Some people understood. Others replied, "'No, it's always sounded like that; it's always going to sound like that.'"

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"Many things combine to show that Midaq Alley is one of the gems of times gone by and that it once shone forth like a flashing star in the history of Cairo. Which Cairo do I mean?" writes Naguib Mahfouz in the opening lines of his 1947 novel named for its setting.

That question -- Which Cairo? -- may be the central consideration for students who take AUC's new class, The World of Mahfouz, a 300-level course offered in the spring and designed by Dina Heshmat, associate professor of Arabic literature in the Department of Arab and Islamic Civilizations.

Throughout his life, Mahfouz penned 36 novels, 25 screenplays and 15 short story collections, along with several short fictions based on his dreams, according to AUC Press. The World of Mahfouz syllabus includes the novels Midaq Alley, Palace Walk and The Thief and the Dogs, but it likely won AUC's Core Curriculum Course Competition in Fall 2022 for its multidisciplinary approach.

In addition to reading source materials, students in the course also watch Hassan Al-Imam's film adaptation of Midaq Alley and the TV series Bayn al-Qasrayn as well as hear guest lectures from history and film studies scholars.

Dina Heshmat. Photo by Ahmad El-Nemr

"I have quite a long relationship with his literary universe," said Heshmat, who analyzed Midaq Alley for her PhD and has previously taught a freshman-level course on the author called Reading Mahfouz. "It was interesting to put together a course about him because he is so important in Egyptian and Arabic literature, and many of his works have been living on in Egyptian and Arabic culture through film."

Through various media, the course explores the author's vast array of work in terms of its influence on film, TV and literature, but also on Cairo itself -- the way that Mahfouz was able to depict the physical, social, political and economic dynamics of the city and its people. That opens up opportunities for AUC students to have wide-reaching discussions about society.

Weaving Past and Present

Though Midaq Alley revolves around the residents of a single street in Cairo in the 1940s, the students making their way through the novel's English translation by Humphrey Davies during the spring semester were keenly aware of its broader relevance.

"We were talking about the syntax and writing style of Mahfouz, how he created symbols for the characters and how these characters have an origin in our society," said economics sophomore Sohayla Eid. "Not society back then only -- you'll find these characters here in modern life."

To discuss "the world of Naguib Mahfouz" is to consider the interplay of multiple worlds: the old and new, rich and poor, East and West, religious and secular, cultural and institutional, home and alleyway, the city and the world.

Midaq Alley is full of characters who struggle with the friction between their personal desires and ambitions and the binds of societal norms. A well- respected dentist turns to thievery in order to provide his services at a low cost, a young woman who dreams of being rich and liberated becomes a prostitute, a young man who has no desire to leave the alley does so in order to impress the woman he loves.

Given the dichotomies Mahfouz's characters struggle with, it's easy to see why author Elif Shafak implied that Mahfouz himself was "a writer torn." Despite the black-and-white nature of moral codes, "Mahfouz's Cairo was a fluid world," wrote Shafak. Though the characters are symbolic, they aren't fixed.

In other words, as the students studying the novel noted, they're real.

"We were talking in class about how universal and realistic his characters were," said Miriam Elsebai, a political science sophomore. "They were neither super evil nor super good. There are always these contradictions that represent reality. It's a clear mirror reflection of society nowadays."

Midaq Alley, a book written more than 50 years ago, has prompted students to consider modern contradictions. If Mahfouz were alive today, the 20-year- old speculated that he might write about the duality presented by social media and its effects on young people.

"Midaq Alley is not depicting a society that ended; it's depicting an everlasting struggle," said Elsebai. "There's always conflict between people's moral goals and social laws. No matter how 'woke' we are or how much we evolve, one way or another, these struggles will be there."

The students also drew comparisons between the novel and their own experiences living in the midst of international warfare. Eid pointed out that one of the characters in the book, a businessman, makes money off of the conflict. "I was connecting it to what is happening now, like for example in Egypt, many challenges facing society are a direct result of the Russia-Ukraine war -- how the behavior of people is the same and how people are taking advantage of the war and political situation we're going through," she said. "So whenever I read Mahfouz, I definitely think of politics."

The Power of the Pen

Plenty of people think of politics when they think of Mahfouz.

His 1959 novel Children of Gebelawi, or Children of the Alley, which Mahfouz said was inspired by the 1952 Revolution, had to be published abroad because its content was deemed controversial. In 1994, the author was stabbed in the neck by someone believed to be angry about the book's depiction of Islam (though it's been reported that the assailant hadn't read the book).

Mahfouz described himself as becoming the victim of a clash not unlike one he might have written as allegory. "I simply got caught in the middle, in the battle between the system and the Islamists," he said -- another complex struggle with the author at its center.

"Students are often genuinely surprised by how daring he can be in his works, how relevant some of the works are to today's society."

 

As such, the World of Mahfouz course also touches on the author's life and political involvement. It would be impossible, if not irresponsible, not to.

"His well-known Children of the Alley is an opportunity to open discussions in class about censorship," Heshmat said. "Students are often genuinely surprised by how daring he can be in his works, how relevant some of the works are to today's society and how close they sometimes are -- obviously not systemically -- but how close the ideas, the emotions can be to a more contemporary context."

After watching a documentary about Mahfouz's life, the students in the course did note his ability to subtly weave his opinions about politics and society into texts. "He was so politically smart," said Elsebai, adding that while she doesn't expect everyone outside the classroom to be well-versed in Mahfouz, she does try to use what she's learned from him out in the real world.

"Talking about it in class won't be useful unless we actually use what we learn in our daily lives," she said. "It's like we're integrating these lessons within our social discourse, making conversations about them strong and powerful."

So Mahfouz's impact lives on. The Egyptian author's work becomes another tool in the student arsenal -- a way for them to better understand and engage with the complexity of the world around them -- as all good literature should.

"To those who disagree with my views," the author wrote in the dedication for Children of Gebelawi, "I dedicate lines I have written for a society that can only be made better through culture."

 

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By Abigail Flynn

While planting trees at a public school in New Cairo last spring, mechanical engineering sophomore Hassan El Hassan met a seventh-grade girl from the school who blew his mind.

"She already knew coding languages that university sophomores and juniors haven't touched," he said. "My mindset about public school students immediately changed -- I was inspired to help them succeed."

El Hassan met this student and other "hidden gems," as he calls them, as part of a new, multidisciplinary outreach initiative from AUC's Middle East Institute for Higher Education (MEIHE) aimed at creating school-university partnerships that promote community engagement, empower public school students and foster sustainable development.

After intensive preparation which included workshops, meetings and coaching, AUC students began volunteering at the schools in a variety of ways, starting with eco-friendly projects like making crafts from recycled materials, conducting theater workshops under the theme "sustainability" and planting gardens.

"Instead of just explaining the importance of sustainability, we wanted to practice it in real time," said Malak Zaalouk '71, '76, professor of practice and MEIHE director. "Having the students plant fruit trees and vegetables on their school campuses gives them a sense of belonging and lasting impact on their community."

Filling the Gaps

Public schools in Egypt face a number of challenges, from overcrowding in classrooms to a lack of amenities and deficit of teachers. These partnerships seek to address these issues. By organizing school-based enrichment activities in subjects like digital literacy and English, for example, MEIHE supports informal, student-led learning activities -- freeing up valuable time for teachers to focus on lesson planning and delivery.

"We want to use our resources at AUC to empower these students, helping them see that they have a role to play in the success of their schools and communities," Zaalouk said. "This is how public schools become more effective."

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Despite issues with staffing and amenities, students at Egyptian schools continue to strive for excellence. Haggar El Khatib, a biology senior, recalled her experience volunteering. "Engaging with public school students has opened my eyes to the daily challenges they face," she said. "They have ideas and talent, but lack a proper channel for them. This program is that channel."

"Instead of just explaining the importance of sustainability, we wanted to practice it in real time."

El Khatib believes that as the initiative grows and strengthens, the students benefiting from it today will return to their schools as university students in the future to conduct similar activities -- creating a chain of giving.

Shifting Culture

While spring planting and summer workshops served as short and intermediary phases of the program, MEIHE also introduced formal fully fledged community-based learning courses this fall for AUC students as part of the school-university partnerships.

These courses cover citizenship education, sustainable development and digital literacy through neighborhood engagement programs. "By actively participating in their communities, AUC students develop a heightened sense of social responsibility and contribute to the betterment of education in Egypt as a whole," Zaalouk said.

In this, MEIHE hopes to establish a lasting and supportive relationship between AUC and the New Cairo Educational Directorate through a renewed agreement with the Ministry of Education. The practice of school-university partnerships was established through past agreements with the ministry, largely supporting teacher agency. This time around, the focus is on student agency.

As the initiative paves more avenues of support for students, teachers and education in Egypt, El Hassan is sure that the hidden gems at these schools will begin to shine as bright as the gifted young coder he met last spring. "The future of Egypt is in good hands -- if we support people like her," he said.